Marine Science Final Exam Review

Algae and Taxonomy

1 The  correct order from largest to smallest groupings in taxonomy is Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, Species

2 . The science of classifying organisms is called ) taxonomy

3. A species is a population of organisms that share common characteristics, can breed with each other and are reproductively isolated from other populations

4. In addition to chlorophyll, most blue-green algae contain a bluish pigment called phycocyanin

5. Cyanophyta have species that are capable of fixing nitrogen to make proteins.

6.   Diatoms are enclosed by frustule made of silica (SiO2)

7 .Cord grass plants are land plants tolerant to salt

8.  Seagrasses: release pollen, the male gamete, to be carried by water currents

9.   Dinoflagellates:reproduce by simple cell division, may produce blooms known as red tides and may bioluminesce

10  Mangroves are land plants that can tolerate salt, have thick leaves to reduce water loss and have seeds that germinate while still attached to the parent tree

 

Protozoa and Sponges-Inverts A

1The Mesozoa and Parazoa may be said to belong to a cellular level of organization.

2 The members of the Class Hexactinellida are also called Glass sponges

3 the Leuconoid form  yields the greatest amount of surface area to volume ratio in a sponge?

4 Sponges have a tremendous ability to repair injuries and to restore lost parts in a process called. Regeneration

5 A certain unicellular eukaryote has a siliceous (glasslike) shell and autotrophic nutrition. It is most likely a

radiolarian.

6 Unlike most other animals, sponges lack  a digestive tract symmetrical body plan nerve cells

7 Cells of the outer surface of the sponge obtain nutrients by  absorbing food distributed by amoeboid like cells

8 The Phylum Porifera does NOT have True tissues and organs

 

Inverts B

  1. The subphylum Urochordata includes Tunicates
2. "Echinoderm" literally means spiny skin

3.  The larva stage of the barnacle that is responsible for site selection for attachment is cypris larva 

4  Some of the most common and widespread marine animals are copepods.

5.  The most distinctive feature of the ribbon worm is a proboscis

6  The presence of nematocysts and symmetry are fundamental characteristics of Cnidarians

7.  Comb jellys are different from jellyfish in that they do not have stinging cells    

8.  The statocyst is sensitive to gravity/equilibrium

9. Gills of clams collect food as well as O2

10.   the abdomen located in the crab is under the cephalothorax

11. The class Crustacea  of Arthropods is the dominant class in the marine environment. 

12.        Madraporite, Stone canal. Ring Canal, and Radial Canals are all components of Echinoderms Water vascular system

  13  The presence of a notochord first becomes evident in phylum Chordata.

14.  Bivalvia can produce pearls?

15.  Bivalvia have two shells?

16.  .Polyplacophora have 8 shells?

17.  Scaphopoda have thread-like tentacles and live burrowed in the sand

 

Fish

1. Bony, but not cartilaginous, fishes often have swim bladders, and have a bony operculum over the gills and bony fin rays to support the fins.

2. The lateral line is sensitive to  low frequency vibrations  .

3.  Egg laying in sharks include oviparous ovoviviparity viviparous 

4.  Fish smell food using  chemoreceptors

5.  The caudal  fin is responsible for locomotion in most fish.        

6  If the fish has biting, chewing type of teeth, it is probably a   predator

7.  Structures in fish used to taste food in muddy waters are called barbals 

8.  The gill is found behind the mouth

9.  Shamu's coloring is an example of countershading

10.  verticercal  is NOT a type of tail fin found in fish? 

11.  Cells that remove salt from the body of the fish are called chloride cells

 

Turtles Birds

1. A clutch is a group of eggs that sea turtles lay at one time

2. In loggerhead turtles, the incubation temperature helps determine the sex of the hatchlings. If the temperature is about 28 degrees C, the hatchlings sex going to be male

3. The T.E.D. device is put on the nets of shrimpers to help the seaturtle escape from drowning

4.  The frigate  bird steals food from other birds.

5.         All land vertebrates have descended from: bony fishes

6. Seabirds are endotherms

7. The only time marine turtles leave the sea is to lay eggs 

8.  Bradycardia refers to decreased heartbeat during diving

9.Smell/chemicals is thought to help marine turtles navigate to their natal beaches

10.  The only marine lizards are found in the Galapagos Islands

11. The biggest sea turtle is the Leatherback

12.  The bird has a large pouch on its beak and forces water out after catching a fish is the pelican.

13. The function of salt glands is toremove excess salt from the body

14  Penguins are found mostly in the Antarctic region.

15 Seabird guano can be used for useful human purposes. 

 

Marine Mammals

1. The largest group of pinnipeds is theSeals

2 Immediately after their birth, the young of cetaceans swim to the surface of the water

3.The tail of cetaceans ends in a pair offlukes

4 cetaceans, sirenians, and pinnipeds. use blubber for insulation:

5.Manatees and dugongs are related to elephants

6.Cetacians spends all of their lives in the water.

  7. Baleen whales are an example of Planktivorous nekton

8  a cetacean is adapted to determine sound direction underwater by receiving  sound through the jaw

9 Breathing is similar in cetaceans and pinnipeds because both require a conscience effort

 10.       Seals, sea lions, and walruses, which have blubber, flippers, and breed on land, belong to the order Pinnipedia

 11 Delayed implantation of the embryo allows pinnipeds to time the birth of pups with the arrival of the pregnant female in breeding areas

 12 Small, toothed whales are often referred to as dolphins or porpoises

 13.       Echolocation is a sense based on sound waves

 14. The spermaceti organ in sperm whales is thought to regulate buoyancy and focus and direct sound waves